17 - 1
Renaissance
·      SOCIALLY: the Renaissance emphasis on the secular (worldly) and the individual challenged Church authority
o   The printing press helped spread these ideas
·       POLITICALLY: Some rulers (especially the Germans) began to challenge the Church’s political power
·       ECONOMICALLY: northern merchants resented paying church taxes to Rome
·       Corrupt leadership
o   Renaissance-era popes spent extravagantly on personal pleasure
o   Pope Alexander VI admitted that he fathered several children
·       Many priests and monks were poorly educated
o   How can you teach if you can barely read?
·       Some priests  broke their vows, got married, and had children
·       Some priests drank to excess, many gambled
·      Martin Luther was born in Germany in 1483
·      He attends the University of Erfurt 
·      After getting his degree, he enrolls in law school (his father wish)
·      As people are dying of the plague (which they “deserve”)
·      He was caught in a thunderstorm on horseback, and a lightning bolt almost struck him, knocking him off his horse, he freaks out and vows to become a monk.
·      Martin drops out of law school
·      1504 - he joins an Augustinian monastery (in closed cloister)
·      1507 - ordained a priest
·      1508 - starts teaching theology at the University of Wittenberg
·      1508 - gets first bachelor’s degree
·      1509 - gets second bachelor’s degree
·      1512 - becomes a Doctor of Theology
·      All this before the age of 30...
·      Luther thought Tetzel was deceiving people, making them think they could buy their way into heaven (called him “pardon-merchant”)
·      95 objections to the way the Church was “doing business,” and nailed them to the church door in Wittenberg on Halloween
·      The “95 Theses” document was copied and taken to a printer
·      Within two weeks, it was all over Germany; within two months, all over Europe
·      “reformed” = “Reformation”
·      It’s not just about the indulgences… Luther believes:
1)   People win salvation by faith in God’s gift of forgiveness.
2)   All Church teachings should be clearly based on the words of the Bible. 

3)   All people with faith is equal. People do not need priests to interpret the Bible for them.

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