Blog week 3 - 2
 Guns, Germs, and Steel
·     Early River Valley Civilizations 3500 B.C. – 450 B.C.
·     The earliest civilizations formed on fertile river plains.
·     These lands faced challenges, such as seasonal flooding and a limited growing area.
·     Early civilizations developed bronze tools, the wheel, the sail, the plow, writing, and mathematics.
·     Fertile Crescent àMesopotamia
·     Environmental Challenges
o  Unpredictable flooding.
o  A period of time with little to no rain.
o  No natural barriers for protection.
o  Natural resources were limited and building materials or other necessary items were scarce.
·     “Land between rivers” (translated from Greek)
·     Environmental challenges solutions
o  They dug irrigation ditches to store water during droughts.
o  They built city walls with mud bricks.
o  They traded crops, for materials.
·     Hammurabi’s code
o  Held people responsible for their actions.
·     A city-statefunctioned much as an independent country does today.
·     Priest and rulers shared control.
·     A series of rulers from a single family is called a dynasty.
·     The process in which a new idea or product spreads from one culture to another is called cultural diffusion.
·     They had a religion of many gods. 
·     The belief in more than one god is called polytheism.
·     They described their gods as doing many of the same things as humans do.
·     They worked hard to earn the god’s protection.

·     They had social classes.

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